Nyob rau hauv lub siab -kub muaj kev lag luam xws li hlau metallurgy, cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev thiab cov cement, nrog rau cov tshuaj refining thiab ua, refractory castables ua zoo li "kaw-fitting armor" ntawm kilns, ntsiag to enduring kub ntawm tshaj 1,000 degrees Celsius, kom ruaj khov cov khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg nkag siab txog nws tsuas yog txwv rau daim ntawv lo "tiv taus rau qhov kub siab". Lawv tsis paub tias muaj ntau qhov tsis paub qhov txias txias tom qab qhov no - xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm lossis siv tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej luv luv, lossis tseem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau lawm thiab kev lag luam poob. Hnub no, peb yuav tshawb txog 6 qhov tseeb txias uas tsuas yog neeg sab hauv paub. Txawm hais tias koj yog tus neeg yuav khoom, tus tsim khoom lossis tus tswv lag luam, tom qab nyeem qhov no, koj tuaj yeem zam ntau qhov pitfalls thiab txuag nyiaj ntau!
1: Harder tsis tas txhais tau tias ruaj dua. Qhov "tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab" yog tus tua neeg zais.
Thaum ntau tus neeg yuav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub-cov khoom siv molding, lawv ib txwm tso siab rau "hardness" los txiav txim qhov zoo, ntseeg tias qhov siab dua lub zog, qhov ruaj khov dua. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau poob rau hauv kev nkag siab yuam kev loj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cua sov-cov ntaub ntawv molding resistant ua ke nrog cov cement zoo tib yam, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab kub ntawm 800-1200 degree, yuav muaj ib tug tseem ceeb "tsis muaj zog ntawm nruab nrab kub" - vim decomposition ntawm hydration cov khoom, cov khoom siv zog yuav dheev poob sharply, thiab nws yog heev yooj yim mus flaking thiab cracking. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov nruab nrab - lub sij hawm puas tsuaj ntawm ntau qhov cub. Txoj hauv kev kom raug: 优先 xaiv cov ntaub ntawv molding yam tsis muaj cement ua ke (xws li silanol ua ke, phosphoric acid ua ke). Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj "tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov nruab nrab kub", muaj tsawg impurities, thiab muaj ntau dua refractoriness. Txawm hais tias tus nqi siab dua me ntsis, nws tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev.
2: Qhov kub ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tsis yog qhov ntsuas kub ua haujlwm. Yam tsawg kawg ntawm 200℃kev nyab xeeb margin yuav tsum tau sab laug.
Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws deceived point! Qhov "fire resistance temperature" txhawb los ntawm cov tub lag luam yog hais txog qhov kub siab tshaj plaws uas cov khoom tsis yaj nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tagnrho yam tsis muaj lub siab los yog load. Nws zoo li "theoretical qab nthab" thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ncaj qha raws li qhov tseeb ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm kub. Dab tsi tiag tiag txiav txim siab lub neej ntawm cov khoom molding yog qhov "load softening temperature" - uas yog, qhov kub ntawm cov khoom pib deform thiab soften nyob rau hauv cov kev sib xyaw ntawm kub thiab load. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qhov cub, qhov siab ntawm lub qhov cub lub cev, thiab cov cua ntws yaig yuav ua rau cov khoom molding nyob rau hauv lub xeev "nyob rau hauv siab + nyob rau hauv tshav kub" lub sij hawm ntev. Txawm hais tias qhov hluav taws kub tsis kam kub siab heev, yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tsis txaus, nws yuav soften nyob rau hauv siab thiab vau nyob rau hauv tshav kub. Txoj cai siv zog ua haujlwm: Qhov kub ua haujlwm tiag tiag yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 200℃qis dua qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov ntsuas kub hauv qhov cub yog 1300 degree, cov khoom siv molding nrog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov siab tshaj lossis sib npaug li 1500℃yuav tsum raug xaiv los tiv thaiv qhov poob los ntawm qhov kub hloov pauv thiab cov khoom cuam tshuam.
3: Yuav tsum tau dej ntxiv? Tsis yog! Ntxiv dej ntau dhau=tej zaum yuav muaj kev phom sij
Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, ntau tus neeg ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim ua kom zoo dua fluidity thiab txuag kev siv zog, yuav random nce cov dej ntxiv rau cov pob zeb sib tov. Lawv ntseeg hais tias qhov ntau diluted sib tov yog, lub smoother txheej txheem pouring yuav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv - dej ntxiv, qhov porosity ntau dua ntawm cov khoom yuav dhau los, qhov tsawg dua qhov ntim ntom ntom, thiab siab - qhov kub thiab txias thiab thermal shock kuj yuav ua rau poob qis. Thaum lub sij hawm tom qab qhov cub kom qhuav, kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg thiab tev. Tus txheej txheem kev tshaj lij: Tus nqi ntawm cov dej ntxiv yuav tsum tsuas yog "muaj txaus kom ua tiav qhov dej". nruj me ntsis tswj cov dej-cement ratio, thiab rau txhua txhua 0.05 nce nyob rau hauv cov dej-cement ratio, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tawg thaum lub sij hawm qhov cub kom qhuav yuav ho nce, thiab cov khoom hnav tsis kam thiab yaig kuj yuav raug txo, uas yog tsis tsim nyog. Thaum lub caij ntuj no kev tsim kho, cov dej kub thaum sib tov yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 15-35℃kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej kub ntawm cov txheej txheem molding.
4: Lub re-alkali tshwm sim tsis yog ib qho cim ntawm qhov tsis zoo; nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim kho tsis raug.
Ntau tus neeg pom tias qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom nchuav hloov dawb thiab flaking tawm, thiab lawv xav tias nws yog vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom. Qhov tseeb, qhov no feem ntau yog qhov tshwm sim "re-alkali", uas muaj feem xyuam nrog kev ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem tsim kho. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm re-alkali yog tias cov hlau soluble alkali nyob rau hauv cov khoom tsiv nrog dej kom nyob rau saum npoo. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, nyob rau hauv high humidity ib puag ncig, los yog thaum lub ziab ceev tom qab kev tsim kho qeeb heev. Kev daws: Npog thiab moisturize cov khoom tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tsim kho, nqa lub qhov cub kom qhuav raws li tus qauv, thiab siv txoj kev "tsawg- kub qeeb ziab thiab segmented rwb thaiv tsev". Qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv re-alkali. Yog hais tias re-alkali tau tshwm sim lawm, tsuav yog tsis muaj kev sib tsoo los yog detachment, tom qab lub qhov cub kom qhuav, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom feem ntau yuav tsis cuam tshuam.
5: Rau cov khoom siv tib yam, cov ntaub ntawv castable yog hnav ntau dua -tiv taus dua li cov cib refractory
Nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm ntau tus neeg, refractory bricks yog sturdier thiab hnav ntau dua -resistant. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev hnav siab thiab yaig xws li lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj, cov chaw nres nkoj tawm, thiab cov hlau nchuav, rau tib cov khoom, lub neej ntawm cov cua sov- cov ntaub ntawv castable resistant yog ntev dua li cov cib refractory. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog vim li cas cua sov- cov ntaub ntawv castable resistant tuaj yeem nchuav rau ntawm - qhov chaw thiab tsim los ntawm tus kheej - ntws molding, tsim ib qho tseem ceeb hauv ob sab phlu yam tsis muaj cov pob qij txha, uas tshem tawm "tsis muaj zog txuas" ntawm cov pob qij txha. Cov qauv yog ntau compact, thiab nws muaj zog tiv thaiv yaig thiab hnav. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam xws li blast furnace cua inlet txoj siv sia thiab kiln slurry raws, hloov refractory bricks nrog castable cov ntaub ntawv yuav ua rau kom lub neej kev pab cuam los ntawm 1-3 zaug thiab kuj txo tus nqi ntawm customizing tshwj xeeb-zoo li tus cib.
6: Kev ua kom qeeb qeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb dua li kev ci sai
Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom, hauv kev sib zog ua kom tau raws li lub sijhawm kawg, nce qhov kub ntawm qhov cub sai sai tom qab nchuav, ntseeg tias qhov no yuav txuag sijhawm. Qhov tseeb, lawv yog "tus kheej- rhuav tshem" lub pob zeb. Cov cua kub ceev ua rau cov dej vapor hauv cov khoom nthuav dav, ua kom muaj siab loj, uas ncaj qha ua rau tawg thiab tev ntawm cov pob zeb, thiab cov nqi kho tom qab yuav nyob deb tshaj li cov nqi txuag lub sij hawm. Qhov tseeb logic rau ci: Nws yuav tsum ua raws li segmented nkhaus ntawm "tsawg-kub lub cev qhuav dej → nruab nrab- kub ntxiv zog → siab-kub sintering", maj mam nce qhov kub. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tuab tuab thiab cov av noo siab, lub sij hawm rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv kom tso cai rau cov dej hauv vapor kom maj mam khiav, kom cov pob zeb tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv ntom ntom thiab txuas ntxiv nws lub neej kev pab cuam.
Qhov tseeb, "kev paub zais cia" ntawm cov cua sov-cov pob zeb tiv taus yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam - nws tsis yog hais txog "zoo li nyuaj", los yog hais txog "qhov kub ntawm qhov hluav taws kub", tab sis hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov mis, cov dej ntshiab ntxiv, kev kho kom zoo, thiab cov qauv ci ci. Kev paub txog 6 "txoj kev paub txias" no tuaj yeem pab kom zam tau 90% ntawm qhov pitfalls, ua rau lub qhov cub hauv ob sab phlu kom ruaj khov thiab txhawj xeeb -dawb.
